Swaras in Carnatic music
The swaras in Carnatic music are slightly different in the twelve-note system. There are three types each of Rishabha, gandhara, Dhaivata and Nishada. There are two types of Madhyama, while Panchama and Shadja are invariant.
Position Swara (स्वर) Short name Notation Mnemonic Western note(Sa = C) # of half steps from Sa
1 Shadja (षड्ज) Sa S sa C 0
2 Shuddha Rishabha (शुद्ध ऋषभ) Ri R1 ra D♭ 1
3 Chatushruti Rishabha (चतुश्रुति ऋषभ) Ri R2 ri D 2
4 Sadharana Gandhara (साधारण गान्धार) Ga G2 gi E♭ 3
5 Antara Gandhara (अन्तर गान्धार) Ga G3 gu E 4
6 Shuddha Madhyama (शुद्ध मध्यम) Ma M1 ma F 5
7 Prati Madhyama (प्रति मध्यम) Ma M2 mi F♯ 6
8 Panchama (पञ्चम) Pa P pa G 7
9 Shuddha Dhaivata (शुद्ध धैवत) Dha D1 dha A♭ 8
10 Chatushruti Dhaivata (चतुश्रति धैवत) Dha D2 dhi A 9
11 Kaisiki Nishada (कैशिकी निषाद) Ni N2 ni B♭
12 Kakali Nishada (काकली निषाद) Ni N3 nu B
The swaras in Carnatic music are slightly different in the twelve-note system. There are three types each of Rishabha, gandhara, Dhaivata and Nishada. There are two types of Madhyama, while Panchama and Shadja are invariant.
Position Swara (स्वर) Short name Notation Mnemonic Western note(Sa = C) # of half steps from Sa
1 Shadja (षड्ज) Sa S sa C 0
2 Shuddha Rishabha (शुद्ध ऋषभ) Ri R1 ra D♭ 1
3 Chatushruti Rishabha (चतुश्रुति ऋषभ) Ri R2 ri D 2
4 Sadharana Gandhara (साधारण गान्धार) Ga G2 gi E♭ 3
5 Antara Gandhara (अन्तर गान्धार) Ga G3 gu E 4
6 Shuddha Madhyama (शुद्ध मध्यम) Ma M1 ma F 5
7 Prati Madhyama (प्रति मध्यम) Ma M2 mi F♯ 6
8 Panchama (पञ्चम) Pa P pa G 7
9 Shuddha Dhaivata (शुद्ध धैवत) Dha D1 dha A♭ 8
10 Chatushruti Dhaivata (चतुश्रति धैवत) Dha D2 dhi A 9
11 Kaisiki Nishada (कैशिकी निषाद) Ni N2 ni B♭
12 Kakali Nishada (काकली निषाद) Ni N3 nu B
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